Hair loss can range from mild hair thinning to total baldness. Hair can fall out for many different reasons. Medically, hair loss falls into several categories, including: Telogen effluvium — This common form of hair loss happens two to three months after a major body stress, such as a prolonged illness, major surgery or serious infection. It also can happen after a sudden change in hormone levels, especially in women after childbirth. Moderate amounts of hair fall out from all parts of the scalp, and may be noticed on a pillow, in the tub or on a hairbrush. While hair on some parts of the scalp may appear thinner, it is rare to see large bald spots.
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Each year, millions of men and women suffer from unexplained hair loss.
Oftentimes, this visible problem may be a sign of an internal medical problem that is even more serious than the hair loss itself. Fortunately, a dermatologist can help many get to the root of the problem.
Speaking at the American Academy of Dermatology's 2003 Annual Meeting in San Francisco, dermatologist Amy J. McMichael, MD, associate professor, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, discussed some of the serious internal diseases as well as drug side effects that are linked to hair disorders.
Alopecia refers to hair loss in areas of skin that normally have hair. There are two forms of alopecia:
* Scarring—This is the loss of hair follicles, causing permanent hair loss. Cutaneous lupus erythematous and fungal kerions are the most prevalent forms of scarring alopecia.
* Nonscarring—In this case, the hair shaft is gone, but the follicles are still present. Because the hair follicles still exist, it often is reversible. It can, however, develop into the scarring type. Alopecia areata is a type of non-scarring alopecia. It is an autoimmune process and the cause is not known. Hair loss lasts approximately six months
Since the beginning of time, long, luxurious hair has been associated with female beauty. This stereotype puts great pressure on women to achieve this trait. Hair loss, although prevalent in men, is not rare in women. Most often hair loss in women has been concealed with wigs or weaves. Ironically, traction alopecia is a form of baldness which is caused by the physical stress and tension be the continued use of wigs, hair weaves or use of corn rows.
Hair loss can be due to:
male pattern baldness, the most common type of hair loss, which is usually inherited from one of the parents
inflammation of the scalp, which can cause patchy hair loss and is often treatable
medications, such as chemotherapy
radiation therapy of the head, usually to treat cancer
infections, such as a fungal infection of the scalp or a sexually transmitted infection called syphilis
trauma to the hair or scalp, which may include certain hairstyles that constantly pull on the hair, such as tight braids.
Many conditions, diseases, and improper hair care result in excessive hair loss. People who notice their hair shedding in large amounts after combing or brushing, or whose hair becomes thinner or fall out, should consult a dermatologist. With a correct diagnosis, many people with hair loss can be helped.
The medical term for hair loss is alopecia. Pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia), the most common type of alopecia, affects roughly one-third of men and women. It's typically permanent. Another type of alopecia, alopecia areata, can be temporary. It can involve hair loss on your scalp or other parts of your body.
A recent study suggests that hair loss may occur in a few persons who have received vaccinations. This side effect, if confirmed by other studies, would be considered very rare. Other studies to further investigate these findings are underway.
From 1983 to 1995, 60 reports of hair loss were identified and evaluated among persons who had received vaccines. These few cases of hair loss were out of the hundreds of millions of doses of vaccine that have been given to the general population. This study alone cannot prove that vaccines cause hair loss. There may be other health conditions responsible for the hair loss that could not be identified. The study of these cases was conducted using information gathered from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. VAERS reports can be submitted by anyone who has received a vaccine and has concerns about health problems that occur afterwards.
Disease that cause hair loss is a common problem among many, but is often only due to genetics and a change in the balance of one's body. Side affect from other disease that you are having or a result from a surgery also causes hair loss. Hair loss can occur also due to diet. If you are dealing with a disease or surgery it is vital to know how this will affect your hair. To recover your hair, then you will be able to take the proper steps.
Hair loss may develop gradually or suddenly. It results from hereditary factors, aging, local skin conditions, and diseases that affect the body generally (systemic diseases). Many different drugs can also cause hair loss. When it occurs on the head, hair loss is generally referred to as baldness.
Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss, eventually affecting about half of all men (male-pattern baldness) and 10 to 20% of women (female-pattern baldness). A slightly elevated level of the male hormone dihydrotestosterone probably plays a major role, along with genetic factors. The hair loss can begin at any age, even during the teenage years.
Diagnosis of diseases that cause hair loss depends on which of the various types of hair loss diseases you are suffering from. There are many types of hair loss diseases and subtypes of officially recognized hair loss diseases that a dermatologist may have to consider while diagnosing a patient. However in practice, most clinical dermatologists are likely to come across only about 20 types of hair loss diseases throughout their careers. Of these, just four will account for 95% the presentations of hair loss a dermatologist sees; pattern baldness, telogen effluvium, chemical overprocessing, and alopecia areata.
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Both extreme emotional and physical stress can cause hair loss. The most common cause of sudden unexpected hair loss is a condition called telogen effluvium. Telogen effluvium can develop as a consequence of severe mental stress, which can be caused by a divorce, the death of a loved one, major financial problems, or other traumatic emotional events. Physical stressors such as a major illness or surgery, high fever, and severe infection also can trigger stress-related hair loss.
Patients who are afflicted by the condition known as alopecia areata — patchy hair loss — should understand that there is “no reliable, safe, effective, long-term treatment,” said review co-author Dr. Mike Sladden, a dermatologist and senior lecturer at the University of Tasmania in Australia.
female-pattern baldness
Although less common, female-pattern baldness differs from that of male-pattern baldness in that the hair generally thins all over the head, but the frontal hairline is maintained. Female-pattern baldness rarely results in total hair loss.
Hair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or diffuse (all over). Roughly 100 hairs are lost from your head every day. The average scalp contains about 100,000 hairs.
Each individual hair survives for an average of 4-1/2 years, during which time it grows about half an inch a month. Usually in its 5th year, the hair falls out and is replaced within 6 months by a new one. Genetic baldness is caused by the body's failure to produce new hairs and not by excessive hair loss.
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